RECORD NO.: 92360057
AUTHOR: Ward DG; Thomas GR; Cronin MJ
ADDRESS:
Endocrine Research Department Genentech, Inc., South San
Francisco, California 94080.
TITLE: Relaxin increases rat heart rate by a direct action on the
cardiac atrium.
SOURCE: Biochem Biophys Res Commun (9Y8), 1992 Jul 31; 186 (2): 999-
1005
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ANNOUNCEMENT: 9211
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: Relaxin
(Rlx) is best understood as a protein hormone of
pregnancy that can influence pelvic and cervical connective
tissue as well as uterine smooth muscle activity. Thus, it
was unexpected that dense Rlx binding sites would be found
in the rat cardiac atrium. To functionally characterize this
finding, isolated rat atria were challenged with Rlx (0.3 to
30 ng/ml), and they responded with an increased rate (+36%)
and force (+38%) of contraction Further studies in conscious
normotensive and spontaneously hypertensive rats established
by minipump circulating Rlx levels of about 0.5 and 5 ng/ml
over 1 to 2 wks. There were significant increases in heart
rate of 10-15%, with no consistent changes in blood or urine
volume, water or food intake, and mean arterial pressure. We
conclude that Rlx can directly stimulate rat cardiac atrial
activity in vitro and cause chronotropy in vivo.
MESH HEADINGS: Heart
--drug effects (DE)/physiology (*PH);
Heart Atrium--drug effects (*DE);
Heart Rate--drug effects (*DE);
Myocardial Contraction--drug effects (*DE);
Relaxin--genetics (GE)/pharmacology (*PD); Blood Pressure--
drug effects (DE); Genes, Synthetic; Rats; Rats, Inbred
Strains; Rats, Inbred SHR; Recombinant Proteins--
pharmacology (PD); Uterus--drug effects (DE)/physiology
(PH); Water-Electrolyte Balance--drug effects (DE); Animal;
Female; Human; In Vitro; Male
CHEMICAL SUBS: 0 (Recombinant Proteins);
9002-69-1 (Relaxin)
STANDARD NO.: 0006-291X
DATES: Entered 920904
RECORD NO.: 91314785
AUTHOR: Ward DG; Cronin MJ; Baertschi AJ
ADDRESS:
H.M. Ward Memorial Laboratory, Valley Home, California 95384.
TITLE: Lack of cardiovascular and vasopressin responses to human
relaxin in conscious, late-pregnant rats.
SOURCE: Am J Physiol (3U8), 1991 Jul; 261 (1 Pt 2): H206-11
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ANNOUNCEMENT: 9110
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT:
Measurements of arterial pressure, heart rate, and plasma
vasopressin were obtained in unanesthetized late-pregnant
rats after administration of human relaxin (hRlx) alone or
in conjunction with hemorrhage. Forty-two timed-pregnant
rats were prepared with chronic femoral cannulas on the 17th
day of pregnancy for measurements on the 19th day. In three
separate sets of experiments, mean arterial pressure and
heart rate were measured for 10 min before administration of
2 mg/kg hRlx, 100 micrograms/kg hRlx, or vehicle and for 20
h thereafter; plasma vasopressin was determined 20 min
before and 3 min after administration of hRlx or vehicle and
20 min after performing a 15-ml/kg 3-min hemorrhage. Neither
mean arterial pressure nor heart rate was significantly
different among rats administered 2 mg/kg hRlx, 100
micrograms/kg hRlx, or vehicle. Plasma vasopressin was not
significantly different among rats administered 2 mg/kg
hRlx, 100 micrograms/kg hRlx, or vehicle. The decreases and
subsequent compensatory changes in mean arterial pressure
and heart rate after hemorrhage and the increases in plasma
vasopressin were not significantly different among rats
administered vehicle or hRlx.
MESH HEADINGS: Cardiovascular System--drug
effects (*DE);
Pregnancy, Animal--metabolism (ME)/physiology (*PH);
Relaxin--blood (BL)/pharmacology (*PD);
Vasopressins--blood (*BL); Blood Pressure--drug effects (DE);
Heart Rate--drug effects (DE); Hemorrhage--blood
(BL)/physiopathology (PP); Pregnancy; Rats; Rats, Inbred
Strains; Animal; Female; Human; Support, Non-U.S. Gov't;
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
CHEMICAL SUBS: 0 (Vasopressins); 9002-69-1
(Relaxin)
GRANT NO.: HL-36034;
HL; NHLBI
STANDARD NO.: 0002-9513
DATES: Entered 910823
RECORD NO.: 89353461
AUTHOR: Ward DG
ADDRESS:
H.M. Ward Memorial Laboratory, Valley Home, CA 95384.
TITLE: Neurons in the parabrachial nuclei respond to hemorrhage.
SOURCE: Brain Res (B5L), 1989 Jul 3; 491 (1): 80-92
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: NETHERLANDS
ANNOUNCEMENT: 8912
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: To
examine the organization of pathways in the dorsal
rostral pons that process information from cardiovascular
receptors, 62 neurons in the parabrachial nuclei were
tested, in rats anesthetized with urethane, for their
response to hemorrhage (10 ml/kg.min) and reinfusion. Of
these neurons, 21 exhibited patterns of activity in response
to hemorrhage that were significantly different from those
seen prior to hemorrhage. The patterns of activity appeared
to depend, at least in part, on the location of the neurons
within the parabrachial nuclei. The activity of 8 neurons in
the external lateral and central lateral parabrachial nuclei
(LT) and adjacent Kolliker-Fuse nucleus (KF) increased
during hemorrhage and remained elevated during reinfusion.
Multivariate regression analysis indicated that the activity
of these neurons was best predicted by mean arterial
pressure. In contrast, the activity of 8 neurons in the
dorsal cap of the central lateral parabrachial nucleus (DR)
and in the caudal medial parabrachial nucleus (MD) increased
during hemorrhage and decreased during reinfusion, and
appeared to be best predicted by blood volume. The activity
of 5 neurons in the region between the caudal medial
parabrachial nucleus and the locus coeruleus (BT) responded
inversely to those in the caudal medial parabrachial
nucleus, and was predicted well both by blood volume and by
mean arterial pressure. Together, these data reveal a
complex processing of hemodynamic signals within the
parabrachial nuclei which may play a critical role in the
control of neuroendocrine and sympathetic responses in
relation to regulation of arterial pressure, blood volume
and fluid balance.
MESH HEADINGS: Cardiovascular
System--physiopathology (*PP);
Hemorrhage--physiopathology (*PP);
Pons--
physiopathology (*PP); Action Potentials; Rats; Rats, Inbred
Strains; Animal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
GRANT NO.: HL36034; HL;
NHLBI
STANDARD NO.: 0006-8993
DATES: Entered 890922
RECORD NO.: 89051558
AUTHOR: Ward DG
ADDRESS: H.
M. Ward Memorial Laboratory, Valley Home, CA 95384.
TITLE: Stimulation of the parabrachial nuclei with monosodium
glutamate increases arterial pressure.
SOURCE: Brain Res (B5L), 1988 Oct 18; 462 (2): 383-90
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: NETHERLANDS
ANNOUNCEMENT: 8903
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: In the
urethane-anesthetized rat both electrical stimulation
(20 microA, 0.2 ms, 30 s) through micropipettes and
glutamate injections (0.1 M, 100 nl) within an area
including the dorsal lateral parabrachial nucleus, the
adjacent central lateral parabrachial nucleus, the external
lateral parabrachial nucleus, the Kolliker-Fuse nucleus, and
the adjacent medial parabrachial nucleus led to increases in
mean arterial pressure (electrical, 34.2 +/- 18.6 mm Hg;
glutamate, 14.0 +/- 8.3 mm Hg). The magnitude of the
glutamate responses appeared to be inversely related to the
distance between the ventrolateral tip of the brachium
conjunctivum and the site of injection. In contrast,
electrical stimulation within an area between the caudal
medial parabrachial nucleus and the locus coeruleus led to
increases in mean arterial pressure (24.4 +/- 12.5 mm Hg),
whereas glutamate injections within this area led to
decreases in mean arterial pressure (-14.8 +/- 5.3 mm Hg).
MESH HEADINGS: Blood Pressure--drug
effects (*DE);
Glutamates--pharmacology (*PD);
Pons--
drug effects (DE)/physiology (*PH);
Sodium Glutamate--pharmacology (*PD); Electric
Stimulation; Rats; Rats, Inbred Strains; Time Factors;
Animal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
CHEMICAL SUBS: 0 (Glutamates); 142-47-2
(Sodium Glutamate)
GRANT NO.: HL36034; HL;
NHLBI
STANDARD NO.: 0006-8993
DATES: Entered 890111
RECORD NO.: 88052070
AUTHOR:
Ward DG; Darlington DN
ADDRESS:
H.M. Ward Memorial Laboratory, Valley Home, CA 95384.
TITLE: A blood pressure lowering effect of lesions of the caudal
periaqueductal gray: relationship to basal pressure.
SOURCE:
Brain Res (B5L), 1987 Oct 13; 423 (1-2): 373-7
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: NETHERLANDS
ANNOUNCEMENT: 8803
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: Basal
mean arterial pressure (MAP) measured one week
following placement of pontine lesions was markedly lower (-
27.85 mm Hg) in cats with bilateral lesions of the caudal
periaqueductal gray than in cats with bilateral lesions of
the area anteroventral to the locus coeruleus. Regression
models of the relationship between basal arterial pressure
(MAPbasal) and the change in arterial pressure (MAPchange)
after the lesions indicate that lesions of the caudal
periaqueductal gray led to a marked decrease in MAP in
animals with an elevated basal MAP (MAPchange = MAPbasal x (-
1.182) + 139.433; r = -0.902; P less than 0.002). In
contrast, lesions of the area anteroventral to the locus
coeruleus had no such effect (MAPchange = MAPbasal x (-
0.363) + 56.49; r = -0.375; P greater than 0.1). The region
of the caudal periaqueductal gray affecting MAP appears
anterior to the locus coeruleus and through intrinsic
neurons or fibers of passage may play a critical role in
control of arterial pressure.
MESH HEADINGS: Blood Pressure*;
Periaqueductal Gray--physiology (*PH); Brain--anatomy &
histology (AH)/physiology (PH); Cats; Hypotension--etiology
(ET); Animal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
GRANT NO.: HL36034; HL;
NHLBI; HL26349; HL; NHLBI; RR05431; RR; NCRR; +
STANDARD NO.: 0006-8993
DATES: Entered 871222
RECORD NO.: 87186549
AUTHOR: Ward DG; Darlington DN
TITLE: Lesions of the caudal periaqueductal gray prevent
compensation of arterial pressure during hemorrhage.
SOURCE: Brain Res (B5L), 1987 Mar 31; 407 (2): 369-75
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: NETHERLANDS
ANNOUNCEMENT: 8708
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT:
Arterial pressure normally changes very little during small
hemorrhage. In cats with bilateral lesions of the region of
the caudal periaqueductal gray arterial pressure and renal
vascular resistance decreased rapidly and precipitously
during a 10 ml/kg X 3 min-1 hemorrhage. This lack of
compensation was pronounced in response to a hemorrhage one
week after lesioning but was not seen 1 h after lesioning in
separate experiments. The critical region appears anterior
and dorsal to the locus coeruleus and medial to the
parabrachial nuclei.
MESH HEADINGS: Blood Pressure*;
Hemorrhage--physiopathology (*PP);
Periaqueductal Gray--physiopathology (*PP); Blood Volume; Body
Weight; Brain Mapping; Cats; Heart Rate; Locus Coeruleus--
physiology (PH); Reflex--physiology (PH); Vascular
Resistance; Vasoconstriction; Animal; Support, U.S. Gov't,
P.H.S.
GRANT NO.: HL36034; HL;
NHLBI; HL26349; HL; NHLBI; RR05431; RR; NCRR; +
STANDARD NO.: 0006-8993
DATES: Entered 870617
RECORD NO.: 86105188
AUTHOR: Darlington DN; Ward DG
TITLE: Rostral pontine and caudal mesencephalic control of arterial
pressure and iliac, celiac and renal vascular resistance. I.
Anatomic regions.
SOURCE: Brain Res (B5L), 1985 Dec 30; 361 (1-2): 284-300
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: NETHERLANDS
ANNOUNCEMENT: 8605
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: The
rostral pons and caudal mesencephalon in 26 cats were
electrically stimulated (greater than 2400 sites) while
measuring arterial pressure and iliac, celiac and renal
vascular resistance. Areas active in control of arterial
pressure and iliac vasoconstriction were located in the
marginal nucleus of the brachium conjunctivum (BCM) and in
parts of the central tegmental fields (FTC) of the
mesencephalon. Areas active in control of celiac and renal
vasoconstriction were confined to the BCM. Areas active in
control of iliac and celiac vasodilation were generally
found ventral to the constrictor areas in the FTC of the
mesencephalon. Stimulation of the caudal periaqueductal
grey, locus caeruleus and underlying reticular formation
elicited no change in any parameter measured. These findings
suggest that multiple pathways for control of arterial
pressure and vasoconstriction pass through or synapse in a
discrete region of the dorsal rostral pons that is limited
to the BCM.
MESH HEADINGS: Blood Pressure*;
Celiac Artery--physiology (*PH);
Iliac Artery--physiology (*PH);
Mesencephalon--anatomy & histology (AH)/physiology (*PH);
Pons--
anatomy & histology (AH)/physiology (*PH);
Renal Artery--physiology (*PH);
Renal Circulation*;
Vascular Resistance*; Cats; Corticotropin--secretion (SE);
Electric Stimulation; Neurons--physiology (PH); Stereotaxic
Techniques; Animal; Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't,
P.H.S.
CHEMICAL SUBS: 9002-60-2 (Corticotropin)
GRANT NO.: HL26349; HL;
NHLBI; RR05431; RR; NCRR; HL00837; HL; NHLBI
STANDARD NO.: 0006-8993
DATES: Entered 860324
RECORD NO.: 86105189
AUTHOR: Darlington DN; Ward DG
TITLE: Rostral pontine and caudal mesencephalic control of arterial
pressure and iliac, celiac and renal vascular resistance.
II. Separate control and topographic organization.
SOURCE: Brain Res (B5L), 1985 Dec 30; 361 (1-2): 301-8
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: NETHERLANDS
ANNOUNCEMENT: 8605
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: A dense
mapping of the rostral pons and caudal mesencephalon
was performed in 26 cats using electrical stimulation while
measuring arterial pressure and iliac, celiac and renal
vascular resistance to determine if these vascular beds are
controlled separately. It was found that the central
tegmental fields (CTF) of the mesencephalon contained a
large area active in control of iliac vascular resistance
and a smaller area active in control of renal vascular
resistance. It was found that the marginal nucleus of the
brachium conjunctivum (BCM) contained areas active in
control of all three vascular beds studied. To determine if
the BCM controlled regional vascular beds differently, the
relationship between changes in vascular resistance in each
bed and changes in arterial pressure were examined
quantitiatively using regression analysis and the slopes of
the regression lines were shown to be different (P less than
0.001). Further analysis of the relationships of changes in
vascular resistance of pairs of vascular beds indicated that
vascular beds are controlled differently in response to
electrical stimulation of the BCM.
MESH HEADINGS: Blood Pressure*;
Celiac Artery--physiology (*PH);
Iliac Artery--physiology (*PH);
Mesencephalon--anatomy & histology (AH)/physiology (*PH);
Pons--
anatomy & histology (AH)/physiology (*PH);
Renal Artery--physiology (*PH);
Vascular Resistance*; Cats; Renal Circulation; Animal;
Female; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
GRANT NO.: HL26349; HL;
NHLBI; RR05431; RR; NCRR; HL00837; HL; NHLBI
STANDARD NO.: 0006-8993
DATES: Entered 860324
RECORD NO.: 83179831
AUTHOR: Ward DG; Ward JH
TITLE: Control of water intake: evidence for the role of a
hemodynamic pontine pathway.
SOURCE: Brain Res (B5L), 1983 Mar 7; 262 (2): 314-8
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: NETHERLANDS
ANNOUNCEMENT: 8308
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT:
Hypovolemia increases water intake. Bilateral lesions of a
discrete region of the dorsal rostral pons, that contains
neurons responding to hypovolemia, markedly increases basal
water intake in cats. The critical region appears
anteroventral and somewhat medial to the locus coeruleus and
is anatomically distinct from a more dorsal region shown
previously as essential for compensation of arterial
pressure in response to hypovolemia.
MESH HEADINGS: Drinking*;
Hemodynamics*;
Pons--
physiology (*PH); Autonomic Nervous System--physiology (PH);
Blood Pressure; Blood Volume; Cats; Corticotropin--
metabolism (ME); Locus Coeruleus--physiology (PH); Neural
Pathways--physiology (PH); Periaqueductal Gray--physiology
(PH); Vasoconstriction; Animal; Female; Male; Support, U.S.
Gov't, P.H.S.
CHEMICAL SUBS: 9002-60-2 (Corticotropin)
GRANT NO.: HL26349; HL;
NHLBI; RR05431; RR; NCRR; HL00837; HL; NHLBI
STANDARD NO.: 0006-8993
DATES: Entered 830610
RECORD NO.: 84207747
AUTHOR: Lefcort AM; Ward DG; Gann DS
TITLE: Electrolytic lesions of the dorsal rostral pons prevent
adrenocorticotropin increases after hemorrhage.
SOURCE: Endocrinology (EGZ), 1984 Jun; 114 (6): 2148-53
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ANNOUNCEMENT: 8409
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: To
determine if a discrete area of the dorsal rostral pons
in the region of the locus coeruleus (LC) is essential for
the reflex response of ACTH to hemorrhage, chloralose-
anesthetized cats with bilateral electrolytic (11 cats) or
sham (3 cats) lesions were challenged with a 15 ml/kg X 3
min hemorrhage. Sequential arterial blood samples taken at -
6, -3, 3, 6, 9, 15, and 21 min from hemorrhage were analyzed
for ACTH content. Cats were grouped according to whether
plasma ACTH increased in response to hemorrhage. Bilateral
lesions in 7 cats with an area in common, which lay within
the LC complex, blocked the reflex increase in plasma ACTH
in response to hemorrhage which was seen in 3 sham-lesioned
cats, in 3 cats with lesions that did not infringe in this
region bilaterally, and in 1 cat with lesions that infringed
only on the medial-ventral aspect of the LC-subcoeruleus.
These findings suggest that hemodynamic information
responsible for the reflex response of ACTH to hemorrhage of
this magnitude passes through a discrete region of the
dorsal rostral pons.
MESH HEADINGS: Corticotropin--blood
(BL)/secretion (*SE);
Hemorrhage--physiopathology (*PP);
Pons--
physiology (PH)/physiopathology (*PP); Cats; Kinetics;
Animal; Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
CHEMICAL SUBS: 9002-60-2 (Corticotropin)
GRANT NO.: AM-14952;
AM; NIADDK; GM-00572; GM; NIGMS
STANDARD NO.: 0013-7227
DATES: Entered 840713
RECORD NO.: 82021532
AUTHOR: Munzner RF; Ward DG; Gann DS
TITLE: Right atrium mediates a vasomotor reflex.
SOURCE: Am J Physiol (3U8), 1981 Sep; 241 (3): R163-6
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ANNOUNCEMENT: 8201
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: To
examine the role of right atrial receptors in mediating
reflex vascular responses we measured, in cats anesthetized
with chloralose/urethan, changes in mean arterial pressure
(MAP) in response to volume pulsation of the right atrium
(+/- 1 ml, 1 Hz). Changes in MAP were measured 1) with
pressure in the carotid arteries normal and vagus nerves
intact: right atrial pulsation led to a very small and
transient fall in MAP; 2) with pressure in the carotid
arteries at 75 mmHg and the vagus nerves intact: right
atrial pulsation led to a larger and sustained fall in MAP;
3) with pressure in the carotid arteries at 75 mmHg and the
vagus nerves cooled or sectioned bilaterally: right atrial
pulsation of the right atrium led only to a very small and
transient fall in MAP. These data suggest strongly that
signals from right atrial receptors traveling in the vagus
nerves mediate a reflex change in MAP that is normally
masked by signals from carotid receptors.
MESH HEADINGS: Heart
--physiology (*PH);
Mechanoreceptors--physiology (*PH);
Reflex*; Blood Pressure; Carotid Sinus--physiology (PH);
Cats; Computers; Denervation; Electric Stimulation; Heart
Atrium--innervation (IR)/physiology (PH); Heart Conduction
System; Pressoreceptors--physiology (PH); Vagus Nerve--
physiology (PH); Animal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
GRANT NO.: AM-14952;
AM; NIADDK; GM-07031; GM; NIGMS
STANDARD NO.: 0002-9513
DATES: Entered 811118
RECORD NO.: 80089388
AUTHOR: Ward DG; Lefcourt AM; Gann DS
TITLE: Neurons in the dorsal rostral pons process information about
changes in venous return and in arterial pressure.
SOURCE: Brain Res (B5L), 1980 Jan 6; 181 (1): 75-88
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: NETHERLANDS
ANNOUNCEMENT: 8005
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: To
examine pathways in the brain stem that process
information from cardiovascular receptors we tested, in cats
anesthetized with chloralose/urethane, 76 neurons in the
locus coeruleus and locus subcoeruleus for their response to
hemodynamic perturbations. The experiments were designed to
define processing of information from arterial baroreceptors
and from atrial receptors. We have modified the activity of
baroreceptors and/or atrial receptors using partial
constriction of the supradiaphragmatic inferior vena cava,
with and without stabilization of arterial pressure and have
modified the activity of atrial receptors directly using
volume pulsation of the right atrium (+/- ml, 1 Hz, 3 min).
The activity of 26 neurons increased and the activity of two
neurons decreased in response to constriction of the vena
cava. A quantitative analysis indicates that the behavior of
these neurons is related in part to changes in arterial
pressure and in part to changes in other pressures, such as
atrial pressure. None of the neurons stimulated by
constriction of the vena cava responded to volume pulsation
of the right atrium. However, 6 of 9 responsive neurons
tested responded also to contriction of the vena cava during
stabilization of arterial pressure. Under this condition the
neurons must be responding to changes in the activity of
cardiovascular receptors other than arterial baroreceptors.
The results suggest strongly that neurons in the locus
coeruleus and locus subcoeruleus process information about
changes in venous return and in arterial pressure. It is
hypothesized that the responsive neurons may mediate changes
in the release of pituitary hormones and in behavioral
arousal in response to hemodynamic change.
MESH HEADINGS: Blood Pressure*;
Hemodynamics*;
Pons--
physiology (*PH);
Pressoreceptors--physiology (*PH); Blood Volume;
Cats; Heart Atrium--innervation (IR); Locus Coeruleus--
physiology (PH); Neurons--physiology (PH); Vena Cava,
Inferior--innervation (IR); Animal; Support, U.S. Gov't,
P.H.S.
STANDARD NO.: 0006-8993
DATES: Entered 800317
RECORD NO.: 79019741
AUTHOR: Gann DS; Ward DG; Baertschi AJ; Carlson DE; Maran JW
TITLE: Neural control of ACTH release in response to hemorrhage.
SOURCE: Ann N Y Acad Sci (5NM), 1977 Oct 28; 297 477-97
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ANNOUNCEMENT: 7901
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: A three
dimensional reconstruction of the central neural
pathways that appear to mediate release of ACTH in response
to hemodynamic change is illustrated in Figure 11. Fibers
from receptors in the right atrium and the carotid arteries
project to the lateral solitary nucleus and then to the
medial and the lateral nucleus intercalatus. A pathway
containing projections from these nuclei then converges
dominantly in the locus subcoeruleus and locus coeruleus.
Multiple pathways then diverge, to travel in part directly
to the hypothalamus through dorsal pathways. One pathway
inhibits and another facilitates the release of ACTH.
Multiple pathways also diverge, to travel in part medially,
and then to the hypothalamus through ventral pathways.
Again, one pathway inhibits and another facilitates the
release of ACTH. The dorsal and ventral inhibitory pathways
appear to converge in a region extending from just caudal
and ventral to the paraventicular nucleus to the posterior
hypothalamic area. Thus, after the coalescences of the
various pontine-hypothalamic pathways, three principal
pathways remain. These include a posterior inhibitor path,
an anterodorsal facilitatory path that terminates in the
paraventricular nucleus and that may be mediated through
release of vasopressin, and an anteroventral facilitatory
path that terminates in the suprachiasmatic and ventromedial
nuclei and that is probably mediated through release of
corticotropin-releasing hormone. The mode of integration of
these pathways has not been defined. The pathways described
herein are oligosynaptic: a signal may travel from atrium to
hypothalamus over three to seven neurons. The combination of
control of input hemodynamic signals and of measurement of
ACTH permits quantitation of both sensory and motor events,
that inevitably must be embedded in the neuronal pathways
described here. The analysis of the input-output relations
and their correlation with internal neural events must form
the basis of a description of the physiology of the
physiology of the system whose central neural anatomy has
been defined in part by these studies.
MESH HEADINGS: Brain
--physiopathology (*PP);
Corticotropin--secretion (*SE);
Hemorrhage--physiopathology (*PP); Cats; Heart Atrium--
innervation (IR); Hypothalamus--physiopathology (PP);
Medulla Oblongata--physiopathology (PP); Mesencephalon--
physiopathology (PP); Neural Pathways; Pons--physiopathology
(PP); Receptors, Sensory; Animal
STANDARD NO.: 0077-8923
DATES: Entered 781202
RECORD NO.: 79097027
AUTHOR: Gann DS; Ward DG; Carlson DE
TITLE: Neural control of ACTH: a homeostatic reflex.
SOURCE: Recent Prog Horm Res (R1D), 1978; 34 357-400
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ANNOUNCEMENT: 7905
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE; REVIEW
NUMBER REFS.: 97
MESH HEADINGS: Corticotropin--secretion
(*SE);
Nervous System--physiology (*PH);
Nervous System Physiology*; Cats; Central Nervous System--
physiology (PH); Electric Stimulation; Hemodynamics;
Hypothalamus--physiology (PH); Medulla Oblongata--physiology
(PH); Mesencephalon--physiology (PH); Pons--physiology (PH);
Animal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
STANDARD NO.: 0079-9963
DATES: Entered 790324
RECORD NO.: 79127213
AUTHOR: Ward DG; Bolton MG; Gann DS
TITLE: Inhibitory and facilitatory areas of the ventral midbrain
mediating release of corticotropin in the cat.
SOURCE: Endocrinology (EGZ), 1978 Apr; 102 (4): 1147-54
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ANNOUNCEMENT: 7907
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: To
examine the role of the ventral midbrain in the control
of release of ACTH, we stimulated electrically 92 sites in
the mesencephalon of 15 cats anesthetized with
chloralose/urethane. Responses of arterial pressure could
not account for change of release of ACTH. Three active
areas were identified. First, in a dorsal facilitatory area
that includes the dorsal longitudinal fasciculus, electrical
stimulation led to changes in ACTH of +106, +117, and +90
pg/ml at 1.5, 3.5, and 6.5 min, respectively (P less than
0.05). Second, in a more ventral inhibitory area that
includes the mammillary peduncle, electrical stimulation led
to changes in ACTH of -63, -72, and -47 pg/ml, respectively
(P less than 0.05). Third, in a ventral facilitatory area
that includes the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, electrical
stimulation led to changes in ACTH of +57, +56, and +59
pg/ml, respectively (P less than 0.01). The inhibitory and
facilitatory areas of the ventral midbrain appeared to be
continuous, respectively, with the inhibitory and
facilitatory areas mediating control of ACTH in the dorsal
rostral pons and in the hypothalamus. Anatomical evidence
indicates projections from these ACTH-active areas of the
midbrain and of the pons to ACTH-active areas of the
hypothalamus. Thus, the present results suggest that the
midbrain areas identified may represent pathways from ACTH-
active areas of the pons to the hypothalamus.
MESH HEADINGS: Corticotropin--secretion
(*SE);
Mesencephalon--anatomy & histology (AH)/physiology (*PH);
Cats; Electric Stimulation; Animal; Female; Male; Support,
U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
STANDARD NO.: 0013-7227
DATES: Entered 790523
RECORD NO.: 79127437
AUTHOR: Maran JW; Carlson DE; Grizzle WE; Ward DG; Gann DS
TITLE: Organization of the medial hypothalamus for control of
adrenocorticotropin in the cat.
SOURCE: Endocrinology (EGZ), 1978 Sep; 103 (3): 957-70
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ANNOUNCEMENT: 7907
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: To
examine the role and interrelations of areas of the
medial hypothalamus in the control of release of ACTH, we
stimulated electrically (20-sec train, 200-microamperemeter
amplitude at 100 Hz) 695 sites in the hypothalamus of 91
cats anesthetized with chloralose-urethane. Changes in ACTH
were measured by RIA. Responses of arterial pressure could
not account for changes of release of ACTH. Several ACTH-
active areas were defined. The anatomical relations of these
areas with known nuclei and pathways then were considered.
Two ACTH facilitatory areas and one ACTH inhibitory area
were identified in the lateral aspect of the medial
hypothalamus. The dorsal facilitatory area appears to be an
extension of the lateral division of the dorsolongitudinal
fasciculus and to extend medially to join the Fields of
Forel, the ventral tegmental area of Tsai, and the
parvocellular, paraventricular, and periventricular nuclei.
The ACTH inhibitory area appears to be an extension of
portions of the central tegmental tract and to extend
medially to the posterior hypothalamic area and the dorsal
hypothalamic area and ventrally toward the basal
hypothalamus. The ventral ACTH facilitatory area appears to
be coincident with the medial forebrain bundle and to extend
anteroventrally and medially through the supraoptic
decussation to the suprachiasmatic, ventromedial,
dorsomedial, periventricular, infundibular, and
premammillary nuclei. Stimulation of the median eminence led
to increased release of ACTH. The results suggest that
ascending pathways from the lower brainstem mediating
control of ACTH project to discrete areas of the
hypothalamus and then converge on the medial basal
hypothalamus.
MESH HEADINGS: Corticotropin--secretion
(*SE);
Hypothalamus--physiology (*PH);
Hypothalamus, Middle--physiology (*PH); Brain Mapping; Cats;
Electric Stimulation; Animal; Female; Male; Support, U.S.
Gov't, P.H.S.
STANDARD NO.: 0013-7227
DATES: Entered 790526
RECORD NO.: 77019540
AUTHOR: Baertschi AJ; Ward DG; Gann DS
TITLE: Role of atrial receptors in the control of ACTH.
SOURCE: Am J Physiol (3U8), 1976 Sep; 231 (3): 692-99
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ANNOUNCEMENT: 7701
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT:
Sinusoidal volume changes (+/- 1 ml) were applied at 1 Hz to
the right or left atrium of 25 anesthetized cats. Changes in
firing rates of single vagal fibers and in plasma ACTH and
cortisol were observed in response to start and stop of
atrial pulsation. Decreased activity of right atrial and/or
septal B-receptors was associated with increased ACTH.
Changes in left atrial B-receptor activity were associated
with a change in ACTH only if right atrial/septal receptors
or baroreceptors also changed their activity in the same
direction. The activity of atrial A-receptors did not change
in response to atrial pulsation. A quantitative analysis
suggested strongly that right atrial and/or septal B-
receptors dominate in the response of ACTH to hemodynamic
stimuli. Arterial receptors appear less effective, and left
atrial B-receptors appear least effective in the hemodynamic
control of ACTH.
MESH HEADINGS: Corticotropin--blood (*BL);
Heart Atrium--innervation (*IR);
Pressoreceptors--physiology (*PH);
Vagus Nerve--physiology (*PH); Blood Pressure; Cats;
Hydrocortisone--blood (BL); Animal; Female; Male; Support,
U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
STANDARD NO.: 0002-9513
DATES: Entered 761121
RECORD NO.: 77048357
AUTHOR: Ward DG; Gann DS
TITLE: Inhibitory and facilitatory areas of the dorsal medulla
mediating ACTH release in the cat.
SOURCE: Endocrinology (EGZ), 1976 Nov; 99 (5): 1213-9
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ANNOUNCEMENT: 7703
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: To
define the role of the dorsal medulla in the control of
release of ACTH, the authors stimulated electrically (30
sec, 100 muA, 50 Hz) 50 sites in the vicinity of the
solitary nuclei of 11 cats anesthetized with
chloralose/urethane. Responses of arterial pressure to
electrical stimulation were not correlated significantly
with release of ACTH. Indirect effects of changes in
arterial pressure could not explain changes in release of
ACTH. Concentrations of ACTH were measured by
radioimmunoassay. Active areas associated with the solitary
nucleus were : 1) lateral inhibitory: ventral and lateral to
the solitary tract (mean delta ACTH:-153, -86, -97 pg/ml at
1.5, 3.0 and 6.0 min respectively; P less than 0.01); 2)
medial inhibitory: medial dorsal motor nucleus of the vagus
and extending to the midline (mean delta ACTH: -81, -107, -
67 pg/ml; P less than 0.01); and 3) intermediate
facilitatory: lateral nucleus intercalatus and adjacent
reticular formation (mean delta ACTH: +105, +158, +4 pg/ml;
P less than 0.01). The former two areas contain neurons
activated by atrial stretch, and the latter area contains
neurons inhibited by atrial stretch. Since changes in ACTH
levels are inversely correlated with atrial stretch, the
results suggest that the changes in release of ACTH are the
result of direct stimulation of neural systems of the
solitary nuclei mediating release of ACTH in response to
hemodynamic changes.
MESH HEADINGS: Corticotropin--secretion
(*SE);
Medulla Oblongata--secretion (*SE); Blood Pressure; Cats;
Electric Stimulation; Mechanoreceptors--physiology (PH);
Neural Pathways--physiology (PH); Reflex; Animal; Female;
Male; Support, U.S. Gov't, Non-P.H.S.; Support, U.S. Gov't,
P.H.S.
STANDARD NO.: 0013-7227
DATES:
Entered 770129
RECORD NO.: 77048358
AUTHOR: Ward DG; Grizzle WE; Gann DS
TITLE: Inhibitory and facilitatory areas of the rostral pons
mediating ACTH release in the cat.
SOURCE: Endocrinology (EGZ), 1976 Nov; 99 (5): 1220-8
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ANNOUNCEMENT: 7703
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: To
define the role of the rostral pons in the control of
release of ACTH, we stimulated electrically (30 sec, 200
muA, 50 Hz) 128 sites in the dorsal rostral pons of 20 cats
anesthetized with chloralose/urethane. Responses of arterial
pressure to electrical stimulation were prevented by lesions
placed previously in the medulla. Plasma concentrations of
ACTH were measured by radioimmunoassay. Active areas
consisted of three regions: 1) lateral inhibitory: Locus
subcoeruleus and anteroventral locus coeruleus (mean
deltaACTH: -189, -164, -145 pg/ml at 1.5,3.0 and 6.0 min
respectively, P less than 0.01);2) intermediate
facilitatory:principal locus coeruleus and lateral ventral
tegmental nucleus (mean deltaACTH: +81, +68, +37 pg/ml; P
less than 0.05); and 3) medial inhibitory: dorsal tegmental
nucleus, dorsal raphe and medial ventral tegmental nucleus
(mean deltaACTH; -211, -212, -115 pg/ml; P less than 0.01).
The former two areas received direct projections from
medullary neurons activated or inhibited by atrial stretch,
and, in turn, give rise to adrenergic and cholinergic
projections to the medial hypothalamus. Since the release of
ACTH is inversely correlated with right atrial stretch, the
results suggest that the lateral inhibitory area and the
intermediate facilitatory area are involved in mediation of
changes in release of ACTH in response to hemodynamic
changes.
MESH HEADINGS: Blood Pressure*;
Corticotropin--blood (BL)/secretion (*SE);
Pons--
anatomy & histology (AH)/physiology (*PH); Brain
Mapping; Cerebral Ventricles--physiology (PH); Electric
Stimulation; Heart Atrium--innervation (IR);
Mechanoreceptors--physiology (PH); Neural Pathways--
physiology (PH)
STANDARD NO.: 0013-7227
DATES: Entered 770129
RECORD NO.: 78017728
AUTHOR: Ward DG; Baertschi AJ; Gann DS
TITLE: Neurons in medullary areas controlling ACTH: atrial input
and rostral projections.
SOURCE: Am J Physiol (3U8), 1977 Sep; 233 (3): R116-26
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ANNOUNCEMENT: 7801
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: To
examine hindbrain pathways mediating release of
adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) in response to hemodynamic
changes we tested, in 19 cats (chloralose/urethan), 70
neurons in ACTH-active areas of the medulla for their
response to volume pulsation (+/- 1 ml, 1 Hz, 60 s) of the
right atrium (RA) or to hemorrhage (3 ml/kg per 30 s), and
to electrical stimulation in ACTH-active areas of the dorsal
rostral pons (DRP). The activity of 16 neurons was increased
(P less than 0.05) by RA. Of these, 6 were driven
antidromically from the locus subcoeruleus (LSC), and were
located in the lateral solitary nucleus and in posteromedial
nucleus intercalatus (NI). The activity of 11 neurons was
decreased by RA. Of these, 5 were driven antidromically from
LSC and lateral ventral tegmental nucleus and were located
in anterolateral NI. No rostral projections were found to
more medial sites in DRP. Responses to the first trial of RA
were rapid, but slowed and attenuated with repeated trials.
Responses to hemorrhage were rapid and in the opposite
direction, but did not attenuate. The results suggest that
pathways displaying rate sensitivity project from the right
atrium via B-receptors to the DRP.
MESH HEADINGS: Corticotropin--secretion
(*SE);
Heart Atrium--physiology (PH)/innervation (*IR);
Medulla Oblongata--physiology (*PH);
Pons--
physiology (*PH); Analysis of Variance; Brain Mapping; Cats;
Electric Stimulation; Heart--physiology (PH);
Mechanoreceptors--physiology (PH); Myocardial Contraction;
Neural Pathways--physiology (PH); Reflex; Animal; Support,
U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
STANDARD NO.: 0002-9513
DATES: Entered 771130
RECORD NO.: 78163814
AUTHOR: Ward DG; Adair JR; Schramm LP; Gann DS
TITLE: Parabrachial pons mediates hypothalamically induced renal
vasoconstriction.
SOURCE: Am J Physiol (3U8), 1978 May; 234 (5): R223-8
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: UNITED STATES
ANNOUNCEMENT: 7808
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
ABSTRACT: The
role of the parabrachial region of the dorsal rostral
pons (PB) in mediating control of renal blood flow and of
systemic arterial blood pressure was investigated in nine
cats anesthetized with chloralose-urethan. Electrical
stimulation through electrodes placed stereotaxically in
lateral and medial positions in the hypothalamus (LH and MH)
in PB and in ventrolateral reticular formation (VLRF) of
each cat elicited pronounced systemic arterial pressor
responses and renal vasoconstrictions. Stimulation
parameters were adjusted so that renal flow responses
elicited from each site were equal. Following a unilateral
lesion in the PB, responses of renal vasoconstriction
induced by hypothalamic stimulation were attenuated, but
responses of arterial pressure were not altered. Stimulation
of the VLRF, posterior to the lesion, consistently produced
undiminished systemic pressor responses and renal
vasoconstriction throughout the durations of the experiments
excluding decay of renal vascular responsiveness. Thus, the
data suggest that pathways mediating renal vasoconstriction
in response to hypothalamic stimulation was discrete and
pass through the parabrachial region, whereas pathways
mediating systemic vasoconstriction in response to
hypothalamic stimulation are distinct or less compact.
MESH HEADINGS: Hypothalamus--physiology
(*PH);
Kidney--blood supply (*BS);
Pons--
physiology (*PH);
Vasoconstriction*; Cats; Electric Stimulation;
Medulla Oblongata--physiology (PH); Neural Pathways--
physiology (PH); Regional Blood Flow; Animal; Support, U.S.
Gov't, P.H.S.
STANDARD NO.: 0002-9513
DATES: Entered 780628
RECORD NO.: 76185751
AUTHOR: Ward DG; Gunn CG
TITLE: Locus coeruleus complex: elicitation of a pressor response
and a brain stem region necessary for its occurrence.
SOURCE: Brain Res (B5L), 1976 May 7; 107 (2): 401-6
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: NETHERLANDS
ANNOUNCEMENT: 7609
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
MESH HEADINGS: Blood Pressure*;
Cerebral Ventricles--physiology (*PH);
Medulla Oblongata--physiology (*PH); Cats; Efferent
Pathways--physiology (PH); Evoked Potentials; Neural
Pathways; Pons--physiology (PH); Time Factors; Animal;
Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
STANDARD NO.: 0006-8993
DATES: Entered 760802
RECORD NO.: 76185752
AUTHOR: Ward DG; Gunn CG
TITLE: Locus coeruleus complex: differential modulation of
depressor mechanisms.
SOURCE: Brain Res (B5L), 1976 May 7; 107 (2): 407-11
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: NETHERLANDS
ANNOUNCEMENT: 7609
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL ARTICLE
MESH HEADINGS: Blood Pressure*;
Cerebral Ventricles--physiology (*PH); Aorta--innervation
(IR); Cardiovascular System--innervation (IR); Carotid
Sinus--innervation (IR); Cats; Heart Rate; Medulla
Oblongata--physiology (PH); Neural Inhibition; Neural
Pathways; Respiration; Animal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
STANDARD NO.: 0006-8993
DATES: Entered 760802
RECORD NO.: 76020347
AUTHOR:
Baertschi AJ; Munzner RF; Ward DG; Johnson RN; Gann DS
TITLE: Right and left atrial B-fiber input to the medulla of the
cat.
SOURCE: Brain Res (B5L), 1975 Nov 7; 98 (1): 189-93
LANGUAGE: English
COUNTRY PUB.: NETHERLANDS
ANNOUNCEMENT: 7602
PUB. TYPE: JOURNAL
ARTICLE
MESH HEADINGS: Heart
--innervation (*IR);
Medulla Oblongata--anatomy & histology (AH)/cytology
(CY)/physiology (*PH); Cats; Reticular Formation--physiology
(PH); Animal; Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.
STANDARD NO.: 0006-8993
DATES: Entered 751230
SEARCH STRING: au:(DG Ward) and yr:1974-1993
DATABASE: Medline
ACCESSION NO.: AAG7511255
TITLE: AUTONOMIC MECHANISMS OF THE LOCUS COERULEUS COMPLEX:
MODULATION OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE.
AUTHOR: WARD, DAVID GENE
DEGREE: PH.D.
YEAR: 1974
INSTITUTION: THE UNIVERSITY OF
OKLAHOMA HEALTH SCIENCES CENTER; 0361
SOURCE: DAI, VOL. 35-11B, Page 5607, 00161 Pages
DESCRIPTORS: PHYSIOLOGY
SEARCH STRING: su:(locus coeruleus) and yr:1973-1975
DATABASE: Dissertation Abstracts Online
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